![]() ![]() ![]() However, when the mourners arrived at the churchyard, they found that the gates had been locked to the gathered congregation. In Killarney, John attached the coffin containing Peggy’s body to the roof of his car and drove her back to their native village, to be mourned by her community. Near the doorway of the third hospital, she finally gave birth to her daughter. The two continued to Killarney, another 20 miles away, Peggy now writhing in agony in the back of the car. There, she was once again refused admission. Panicked, John Guerin drove Peggy along a further 16 mile stretch of poor roads to the next hospital in Tralee. Peggy had become pregnant outside of marriage and was not deemed ‘respectable’ enough to give birth alongside married women. However, when they arrived, the nun overseeing the premises refused them entrance. When the birth became complicated, a neighboring hackney driver, John Guerin, rushed Peggy to get medical assistance in Listowel. Peggy’s local hospital was less than four miles away from her rural home in Listowel where, with the aid of her mother and a midwife, she had gone into labour. She had spent the hours before traversing a web of dark, unsurfaced roads in the West of Ireland, in the pangs of childbirth. On 10 February 1946, a young woman named Peggy McCarthy struggled toward the entrance of a hospital in Killarney, Co. In this guest post, Sarah O’Brien reflects on the role of oral history within a culture of storytelling through the lens of Ireland’s difficult past involving pregnancy outside of marriage, showing how oral narratives coupled with artistic practices have returned dignity and voice to those who have been silenced by the state. Art, Oral History and Ireland’s Mother and Baby Homes ![]()
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![]() ![]() ![]() Credited to Lennon-McCartney, it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964. Tell Me Why is the multi-award winning episodic adventure game from Dontnod Entertainment in which twins use their supernatural bond to discover the truth of. Official page for Tell Me Why, a new narrative game from DONTNOD Entertainment & Xbox Game Studios. Tell Me Why had originally been recorded in 1957, in an impassioned performance that was shelved because it was judged to be too close melodically to the spiritual, Just A Closer Walk With Thee. ![]() As they sift through memories, ghostly images from. With the same ongoing problem (no new recordings), RCA had no alternative but to employ the same solution. In North America, it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day's Night and the album Something New. Twins Alyson and Tyler Ronan return to their small Alaskan town to sell their childhood home. "Tell Me Why" is a song by the Beatles from their album A Hard Day's Night. Set in small-town Alaska, Tell Me Why places you at the heart of a mystery in an intimate, true-to-life story where twins Tyler and Alyson Ronan use their. He tends to be old- fashioned, believing in somewhat traditional ideas of masculinity and femininity. Sam is often seen intoxicated and incoherent, but is genuinely a kind person who wants to help others. He is frequently seen wearing an old baseball hat. Sam has dark brown hair, a full beard, and brown eyes. Song by the Beatles from the album A Hard Day's Night The official Xbox merch store has all sorts of apparel and goodies to help you show your love for Tell Me Why Choose from tee shirts, a mug, a tote bag and more. Sam Kansky (born April 10, 1969) is a repairman and a friend of the Ronan family. 'Cause I really can't stand it, I'm so in love with you. The game consists of three chapters released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in late 2020. There are six slots you need to place different amp fuses, either 15, 20, or 30, in order to reach a total of 120. Once you're out in the garage during chapter 2, and Alyson gets rid of the men so she can fix the fuse box herself, you will need to place a series of fuses into the fuse box correctly. Release dates for all three episodes, as well as a second trailer, were revealed on 23, 2020 during Xbox’s Summer Showcase event.If it's something that I've said or done, Tell Me Why is an episodic adventure game developed by Dontnod Entertainment and published by Xbox Game Studios. Tell Me Why is an episodic adventure game developed by Dontnod Entertainment and published by Xbox Game Studios. How To Fix The Fuse Box In Tell Me Why Chapter 2. Dontnod stated that in response from criticism over the variable timing of episode releases for Life is Strange, that they will commit to a release schedule for the three episodes over mid-2020. In this intimate mystery, reunited twins Tyler and Alyson Ronan use their special bond to unravel the memories of their loving but troubled childhood. Tell Me Why was announced during Microsoft's Xbox London event on November 14, 2019. Tell Me Why is the latest narrative adventure from DONTNOD Entertainment, the studio behind the beloved franchise Life is Strange. Dontnod has also worked with the Huna Heritage Foundation to incorporate Tlingit culture that is indigenous to Alaska into the world of Tell Me Why. Tyler is the first transgender playable character from any major studio, and Dontnod has worked with GLAAD to make him an "authentic representation of the trans experience". It is suggested that these choices will determine which ending the player receives. The player can make choices throughout the game that strengthen or weaken both the bond and “The Bond” between the siblings. The twins realize that they do not share the same memories of their past, and must work to find the truth of what happened and how their mother died.Īlyson and Tyler are connected by a supernatural tie called “The Bond”, which allows them to share feelings and emotions, and possibly even thoughts and memories. Although both their lives have been significantly changed in the years that have passed, the trip home forces the twins to confront their troubled childhood. The pair must come to terms with the events of their childhood, specifically the death of their mother Mary-Ann Ronan, as they prepare to sell their childhood home. TELL ME WHY is an interactive narrative adventure that follows twins, Tyler and Alyson Ronan, as they return to their small-town home in Alaska 10 years after the passing of their mother. The game is centered on twins Alyson and Tyler Ronan as they reunite after ten years apart. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The Printer Pro app communicates with the desktop software to process print jobs. To download the free trial, head to Ecamm Network's Web. Printer Pro Desktop Software (free) allows you to use printers connected to your Mac or Windows PC. It's easy to set up, and although Printopia costs 19.95, there is a free seven-day trial you can use to make sure it works with your setup. For example, a printer connected to your computer via USB.Īlso see PrintBureau ($19.99) by the same company.Ĭan print directly to many Wi-Fi printers. You can also install a helper application on your Mac called WePrint (free) that lets it work with other printers. The computer shares connected printers with the iPad through a helper application.Ĭommunicates directly with Wi-Fi printers. These apps can also connect to printers attached to your computer. Printopia isnt actually an app, rather File and Print services. The printer must be on the same wireless network as the iPad. Print to PDF with our free PDF Printer Printfil allows printing to Windows printers. Here are three apps that support printing from your iPad to wireless printers. You install a software program on your computer that processes the print job sent from your iPad. To print directly from an iPád iPhone you wiIl need an AirPrint compatible printer or another gadget to take action as a print server.That can be a Macintosh computer working Printopia (19.95 with free test) or AirPrintActivator (gift - supported). Printopia is a program that allows you to share a printer that is either attached to your mac or a network printe. By choosing the most appropriate process for your project we ensure the production of beautiful print and display products that draw attention and help promote your brand or. With this solution, you send the iPad print job to your computer, which then sends it to the connected printer. Printopia has a trial edition so you dont have got to invest 20 simply to find out. Tutorial showing how to install Printoptia. With over 35 years experience in the graphic arts industry, Printopia Press supply fine quality printed products for many businesses, charities and creative professionals. Apple offers a list of models here.Ī program that connects to a printer through your computer. Printopia for ipad free pdf As of version 2.0, it also lets you 'print' not only to iPhoto but to any Mac application, save files to any number of folders on your Mac, use any PDF Workflow on your Mac (such as e-mailing PDFs-click the PDF pop-up menu in any OS X Print dialog to see all your options), and configure printer settings. A number of printers from Brother, Canon, Epson, HP and Lexmark have this feature. To print directly to a printer from the iPad, the printer itself must be AirPrint capable and on the same wireless network as your iPad. For those times when a printout is required or desired, here are three options for dealing with printing from your iPad.ĪirPrint is an Apple technology built into the iOS to support printing from the iPad. When you can, use your iPad to save money, paper and time by sending and processing documents electronically. ![]() ![]() Lastly, is it accurate that nothing in this single-user, multiple-tab scenario could ever be related to multiple threads and SQLite can be compiled without the thread-safe option?įirstly I think you need to differentiate between "database" (meaning a file stored on disk) and a "connection" to one or more "database files". Regardless of the number of instances of the C/SQLite program employed, if a user opens the same database in more than one tab and, if it were possible that one query could run long enough for the user to switch tabs and attempt to run a second query against the same database, is it still simply a matter of handling SQLITE_BUSY? If, instead, each tab has its own instance of the C program, should the loadable extensions be dynamically linked such that each instance can use the same separate library file, or is statically linking better since all will still be in one executable file? ![]() Is it okay/possible for one C program to maintain a set of SQLite database pointers and prepared statements in this manner? If loadable extensions that aren't part of the core SQLite are employed as statically linked, does having multiple databases cause an issue with the entry points in some manner? I don't really grasp how that works to know if sqlite3_auto_extension() can manage that in this scenario. That same ID could be used in a single instance of the C program to track which database each tab has open and build the prepared statements that will be used frequently by the extension for each database when it is first opened. Each tab has a unique ID, which is used by the background script to know which tab it is communicating with. ![]() There could be one instance for all tabs, just as there is only one background script for all tabs or each tab can a separate instance of the C/SQLite program. There are at least two possible ways to handle the native application. From the extension UI, the user can open the local HTML file in as many tabs as they desire and, in each tab, open the same or different SQLite databases, where each database is a collection of study modules built by users. Once the background script is informed that the main JS has successfully loaded, it requests a communication port with the C/SQLite program through the native-messaging API and, if it is not open, it opens it. To a novice like me, it is kind of impressive that it takes place so quickly. ![]() If the GUID is valid, the background script establishes the port and then injects a CSS file and the main JS script, which builds the UI and appends it to the body and POOF there it is. When the user loads the page, the background script injects a small content script into the page that grabs the GUID from the body element and passes it to background script in a request to establish a runtime communication port with it. ![]() The background script listens only for a specifically named, locally stored HTML file, which is an empty HTML "container" having an empty body element with a data attribute that is a GUID. The script listens for URL loads and when one matches the match pattern provided in the extension manifest, the script acts upon the page. The extension is installed in the browser, and the only active component of it is a background script that is associated with an empty, hidden background web page. The extension provides something termed a native-messaging API that facilitates communication between the browser extension and a locally stored application. I'm using a C program compiled with the SQLite amalgamation as a component of a web extension in place of the indexedDB API. At first, this may not sound like a SQLite-specific question but, ultimately, it is about how to handle multiple database connections and loadable extensions but I don't know how else to ask it without providing the boring background. ![]() ![]() ![]() Paige is from the small town of Carlyle, IL and sports have always been a major part of her life. Her focus is on non-operative approaches to treatment, and she strives to help patients stay active in their recovery as they return from the sidelines. Matt Bayes and Bluetail Medical Group in February 2022. During this program, athletic trainers learn to transition from sideline coverage to assisting sports medicine physicians in the clinical setting.ĭevon enjoys running, hiking, live music, and spending time with her husband, Greg and their son, Gavin. After earning her master’s degree from NMSU in 2010, Devon spent a year in Vail, Colorado participating in the Steadman Clinic athletic training fellowship program. In the summer of 2009, Devon interned at Disney's Wide World of Sports in Orlando, Florida. Upon graduation, she continued her pursuit of knowledge and education working as a graduate assistant athletic trainer at Northwest Missouri State University (NMSU). She first became interested in athletic training during her undergraduate career at Truman State University. Matt Bayes as a physician extender.ĭevon was born and raised in central Missouri. Outside of the office, she enjoys hiking, skiing, paddle boarding and time at the lake with her husband and family.ĭevon Guckes, MSEd, ATC, LAT, Athletic TrainerĪt Bluetail Medical Group, Devon assists Dr. The procedures she offers are customized, comprehensive and state of the art.Ĭhristine’s goal is to help patients feel well, move well and age well. In fact, she has trained many physicians across the United States.Ĭhristine is certified in the use of biologics for sexual wellness and aesthetic procedures including hair restoration. She has extensive knowledge and experience in regenerative medicine. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin Physician Assistant program in 1987 and has clinical work experience in cardiovascular surgery, hematology/oncology, and OB/GYN. David Crane and Bluetail Medical Group in May 2017. Chris Wolf as a physician extender.Ĭompleted a Bachelor’s degree in Exercise Science in 2016 and a Master of Athletic Training degree in 2017, both received through Saint Louis University.īeing an active participant in sports throughout her life, and previously being a Division 1 Women’s soccer player at Saint Louis University, has sparked her interest in the Athletic Training profession. She has had clinical experiences at the high school and collegiate level settings as well as a Summer Field Experience in 2016 with Bluetail.īrianna enjoys traveling, hiking, country concerts, and spending time with family and friends.Ĭhristine joined Dr. At Bluetail Medical Group, Brianna assists Dr. ![]() ![]() The results are normally saved in a folder on the Desktop, but you can configure File Juicer to save the results next to the juiced files (as Stuffit Expander), or choose a place somewhere else.Ĭrating thumbnails can take some time, but for an overview of the images, this is convenient. More about text below.ġ) Feeding File JuicerYou can tell File Juicer which files to search with drag and drop or point out the files/folders via the File menu.ĭrag files or folders into the File Juicer window.įile Juicer can squeeze a lot of files from browser caches or if you feed it fit folders containing a lot of images. Here the requirement is 'fuzzy': there should not be too much binary data close by. It will however extract album cover art, because MP3 files can contain images.įor conversion of from one video file format to another, I recommend looking at VLC or search for a dedicated video converter in Apple's App Store' For example: dropping an MP3 file on File Juicer will not make it into a WAV or AAC file. The only requirement for this to work, is that the file to recover is stored in exactly one of the above formats.įile Juicer does not decode and reencode data. ![]() JPEG, PNG, GIF, PDF, BMP, WMF, EMF, PICT, TIFF, Flash, ZIP, HTML, WAV, AVI, MOV, MPEG, WMV, MP3, MP4, AU and AIFF. Contentsįile Juicer: Byte by Byte search, find and extractįile Juicer searches the files byte by byte for the formats it knows. You may want to check out more software, such as Juice, JUICE program or SSuite Lemon Juice, which might be related to The Juicer. $0.99 DOWNLOAD File Driver File Driver is an application for Mac OS X that easily allows. Worried about important files/folders from being accidentally modified. $2.99 DOWNLOAD File Locker - Hide&Lock Files. DOWNLOAD Juice! Keeps an eye on your laptop’s battery charge level and can play a sound. Juice Adds a battery to your dashboard, with info on the current state of your. It finds and extracts: JPEG, JP2, PNG, GIF, PDF, BMP, WMF, EMF, PICT, TIFF, Flash, Zip, HTML, WAV, AVI, MOV, MP4, MPG, MP3, AIFF, AU, WMV or text from files which. ![]() It's speciality is to find and extract images, video, audio or text from files which are hard to open in other ways. File Juicer is a drag & drop can opener and data archaeologist. If it finds a JPEG, JP2, PNG, GIF, PDF, BMP, WMF, EMF, PICT, TIFF, Flash, Zip, HTML, WAV, MP3, AVI, MOV, MPG, WMV, MP4, AU, AIFF or text file inside, it can save it to your desktop or to another folder you choose. File Juicer doesn't care what type file you drop onto it it searches the entire file byte by byte. Todd Duermyer, Lead Editor for the TCT Network Great products, wonderful community and patient support. Since joining Digital Juice, I have found that the quality of projects I am able to complete has increased. Read Me – File Juicer for Mac OS X.Trusted Mac download File Juicer 4.92. By knowing where the information is and how to interpret that information, an examiner can be confident when going into an investigation that involves a Mac. Having a basic knowledge of the Mac OS X file structure and Linux file structure will only help an examiner comprehend what they are looking at. In computer forensics this is called carving.It finds and extracts: JPEG, JP2, PNG, GIF, PDF, BMP, WMF, EMF, PICT. Its specialty is to find and extract images, video, audio, or text from files which are hard to open in other ways. File Juicer is a drag-and-drop can opener and data archaeologist. For a bit of info, the program is a drag-and-drop can opener and data archaeologist. The latest version at the moment, File Juicer 4.76, supports OS X 10.11 El Capitan, 10.12 Sierra, 10.13 High Sierra, and 10.14 Mojave. file juicer, file juicer downloads, mac os x file juicer, mac os x file juicer downloads Download Note File Juicer is periodically updated by our editors team but sometimes you may find out that software informations are outdated, please note that the publisher of File Juicer can update the software without notifying us. In computer forensics this is called carving.It finds and extracts: JPEG, JP2, PNG, GIF, PDF, BMP, WMF, EMF. ![]() ![]() IconKit Crack Mac brings you a great new experience of icon generator for developers and designers, just drag your image and export right away. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() In Thailand, the MPV is available in three variant forms, priced from RM233,000 to RM308,700. Order books have opened for the MPV, with official pricing expected to be revealed by Dinamikjaya Motors later this week. Six exterior colour choices are listed for the car, and these are Snow White Pearl, Silky Silver, Aurora Black Pearl, Panthera Metal, Astra Blue and Flare Red. Hopefully, the CKD route will address this. While the automaker’s Drive Wise assistance suite is present, the item count on the Malaysian vehicle is low – present is blind spot monitoring and collision avoidance and rear cross traffic collision avoidance, but there’s no autonomous emergency braking or adaptive cruise control with stop-and-go to be found in the CBU version. View full specifications and pricing for the all-new 2021 Carnival. Also present, front/rear parking sensors and a surround view monitor offering a 360-degree view around the vehicle. A character evolution for our flagship MPV. 2022 Kia Carnival SX Prestige: 2021 Toyota Sienna Platinum Hybrid AWD: DRIVETRAIN LAYOUT. ![]() Safety-wise, the Carnival is equipped with seven airbags, ABS with EBD and brake assist, electronic stability control, traction control and second-row ISOFIX child seat anchors. The Carnival doesn't look like a minivan and is indeed marketed as an MPV, or 'multipurpose vehicle.'. In 1st full year at retail, Carnival MPV exceeded total. Other bits include seven USB ports across the interior as well as Qi wireless charging. Carnival reached 9.3 share of the MPV segment in 2021, up 3.3 points compared to Sedona in 2020. Inside, there’s black/Saddle Brown leatherette upholstery, and standard features include keyless entry, push-button start, eight-way power-adjustable front seats, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, paddle shifters, rotary gear selector, dual-zone front and single-zone rear air-conditioning, dual powered-sliding doors and a hands-free powered tailgate.ĭisplays consist of a 4.2-inch TFT-LCD instrument cluster and a 12.3-inch capacitiva infotainment touchscreen, with Apple CarPlay/Android Auto connectivity and a six-speaker audio system in tow. The mill is paired with an eight-speed automatic gearbox, with drive sent to the front wheels.Īs standard, the Carnival is equipped with dual LED headlamps, LED daytime running lights and fog lamps, bulbed rear combination lights and fog lamps, auto headlamps/wipers and 18-inch two-tone alloy wheels with 235/60 profile tyres. It’ll be powered by a Smarstream R 2.2 VGT turbodiesel, offering 199 hp at 3,800 rpm and 440 Nm of torque from 1,750 to 2,750 rpm. Like Thailand, the Carnival for our market will be a 11-seater, the configuration allowing it to be placed under the commercial vehicle category, where the tax is lower. Originally, the intention was to get the MPV up and running as a CKD model from point of introduction, but delays as a result of the pandemic means local assembly is only set to begin in May next year. The Carnival arrives here in fully-imported form, and will be available in a solitary 2.2D guise. Ahead of that, details and specification of the fourth-gen offering have emerged. The Malaysian reveal of the new Kia Carnival is set take place soon, with the MPV due to make its first public showing at a preview later this week. ![]() ![]() ![]() If you’re able to put it into an airtight container, it will last a little longer- about 5 days. Covered with plastic wrap, cheesecake will last three days in the refrigerator. In a large mixing bowl, combine the cream cheese, sugar, flour. Here are some ideas for topping cheesecake:Ĭheesecake needs to be stored in the refrigerator. New York Style Cheesecake Allow eggs, cream cheese and cream to come fully to room temperature. Many people desire something extra to adorn their plain slice of cheesecake. Cheesecake enthusiasts will appreciate a good-tasting cheesecake without any toppings. New York Cheesecake is delicious eaten plain and all on its own. ![]() What kind of toppings can be used for a cheesecake? Cream cheese, Greek yogurt, sugar, eggs and vanilla are combined to create the filling that will turn into cheesecake when baked. In this recipe, the cheesecake filling is very simply made with just five ingredients. The crust ingredients are combined and then pressed into the bottom and up the sides of a 9-inch springform pan. For the New York-Style Cheesecake: 3 (8 ounce) packages cream cheese, very soft 1 cup Full-Fat Sour Cream 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar 2 teaspoons pure. New York Style Cheesecake INGREDIENTS Crust: INSTRUCTIONS Position oven rack in the center of the oven and preheat oven to 350 degrees F (177 degrees C). You don’t need to spend a lot of money on a high-end, pricy springform pan.Ĭlassic New York Cheesecake starts with a graham cracker crust, which is a mixture of graham cracker crumbs, sugar and butter. Purchase one (easy) on Amazon, or pick one up at Target or HomeGoods. It’s called a Springform Pan, and it’s an inexpensive buy. You do need a special kind of pan in order to make classic cheesecake recipes. What kind of pan is needed to make cheesecake? A layer of sweetened sour cream is spread on top of the baked cheesecake. In this recipe, it’s baked at 350 degrees F., and then the oven is turned off and the cheesecake continues to bake in the warmed oven for an additional 90 minutes before opening the oven. Set the springform pan in the middle and fold the edges of the foil up around the sides of the pan. Cut two large pieces of foil and lay them on your work surface in a cross. A New York cheesecake is made differently than other cheesecake recipes. Generously butter the inside of a 10-inch springform pan. It’s often served with fresh berries.Ī New York Style Cheesecake is known for being more creamy and dense than typical cheesecakes. Store in the fridge for up to one week once thawed.New York Style Cheesecake is a creamy, classic cheesecake with a layer of sour cream floating on top. When ready to serve, remove the plastic wrap and allow the cheesecake to thaw at room temperature. If you would like to freeze the cheesecake, wrap the cooled cake tightly with plastic wrap and keep in the freezer for up to 3 months.This will make it much easier to remove from the pan. Once the cheesecake is baked, it is best to let it cool in the fridge for several hours or overnight. ![]() Baked till set and perfectly golden brown, each slice is velvety and dense. Sweetened and flavored with honey, our filling is then hand-poured atop our homemade-style, graham cracker crust. Each of our fillings is made with real dairy butter, rich cream, and whole eggs. Mixing too much once the eggs are added may cause the cheesecake to crack when baking. Ingredients Deselect All 2 cups graham cracker crumbs (from about 16 graham crackers) 1 stick (8 tablespoons) unsalted butter, melted 1/4 cup packed light. Our New York-Style Cheesecake is an all-time classic.
![]() Nörobilimde ise konuşma bozukluklarında sesbilgisi çalışmalarının bulgularından yararlanılmaktadır. Örneğin adli bilimlerde konuşmacıyı tanımada, akustik sesbilimin verilerinden yararlanılarak (temel sıklık, yoğunluk vb.) seslerdeki duygu durumu betimlemede sesbilgisi ve sesbilim sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Sesbilimin kuramsal çerçevesi çizildikten sonra bu kuramlar adli bilim, toplumbilim, nörobilim gibi farklı disiplinler tarafından alanlarına özgü sorunları çözmek için kullanılmıştır. yüzyılda kuramsal çerçevesi çizilen sesbilimin, adli bilim, toplumbilim, nörobilim gibi alanlarla ilişkisi ele alınıp, kuramsal sesbilimin bu alanlara katkısı tartışılacaktır. Lastly, monolingual experiences are different from bilingual experiences therefore, existing questionnaires that evaluate language experiences should be adapted to capture the particular linguistic experiences of monolinguals.īu çalışmada sesbilim, kuramsal çerçevesiyle ele alınacak ve kuramsal sesbilimin oluşmasına katkıda bulunan araştırmacılar ve bu araştırmacıların yaklaşımları anlatılacaktır. Moreover, these results show the need to consider the specificity of the monolingual language experience when analysing the impact of foreign languages on cognitive functioning, as differences in the language experiences of bilinguals also have divergent impacts on cognition. These results suggest that the linguistic experiences of monolinguals from the UK often include exposure to and use of foreign languages. Lastly, around 58% of monolinguals who had visited one or more non-English-speaking countries declared the active use of foreign languages during their stay(s). Furthermore, activities that involved passive use of languages (i.e., activities that require reading or listening but do not require speaking or writing e.g., watching TV) were occasionally carried out in foreign languages: around 26% of these monolinguals confirmed the passive use of more than one language. ![]() ![]() Moreover, nearly 40% of all the studied monolinguals confirmed that they had been passively exposed to foreign languages or dialects in their environment approximately a fourth of these monolinguals who declared exposure to at least one foreign language (or dialect) confirmed that they also used these languages. ![]() More than half of this 80% of monolinguals also used languages they had learned at some point in their lives. Through an online survey, we found that more than 80% of these monolinguals had learned at least one foreign language, dialect, or type of jargon. In this study, we analyse the linguistic experiences of 962 English-speaking individuals from the United Kingdom (UK) who identified as monolinguals. The linguistic experiences of monolinguals are usually overlooked when analysing the impact of foreign language experiences on language processing and cognitive functioning. Monolingualism has typically been understood as a homogeneous phenomenon. I then review ways in which monolingualism has been represented thus far in the literature, outline some possible research questions and end by introducing the contributions to this volume. In this introduction I will outline why a simple definition of monolingualism is neither easy to establish nor useful, and also why it is important to come to an understanding of it as a particular kind of 'lingualism' (Cruz Ferreira p.c.). This special issue of Sociolinguistic Studies carries just such a title, and the papers it includes represent an attempt to explore the phenomenon of monolingualism from a number of different perspectives. There is little systematic investigation of monolingualism: Romaine pointed out in 1995 that she would find it strange to see a book with the title 'Monolingualism'. ![]() The implication of this is that monolingualism is the norm, and that bilingualism and multilingualism constitute abnormal states which merit investigation even though this idea sits oddly with the belief of most linguists that the majority of the world's population is bi- or multilingual, and that therefore monolingualism may be the exception rather than the norm. After all, is it not bilinguals and multilinguals who present the more interesting questions? It certainly seems so, for research has concentrated on their linguistic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic make-up. Some may find it strange to see a special journal issue on monolingualism. ![]() |
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